加载速度对断层-围岩系统变形及快速回跳的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

王学滨 《岩土力学》2006,27(2):242-246

在平面应变状态下,采用拉格朗日元法模拟了加载速度对断层-围岩系统形成时的应力水平、塑性区尺寸及剪切带图案、系统的最大承载能力以及快速回跳发生时的应力水平的影响。在数值计算中,采用了莫尔-库仑与拉破坏复合的破坏准则。峰后岩石的本构关系为线性应变软化。通常断层带-围岩系统形成之后系统的承载能力达到最大,之后系统的承载能力开始下降处于应变软化状态。当位于试样加载端上的单元的压缩应力-压缩位移曲线的峰后刚度足够大时,系统就会发生弹性回跳现象,即失稳破坏。随着加载速度的增加,断层带-围岩系统形成时的应力水平、断层带-围岩系统的最大承载能力、快速回跳发生时的应力水平及上述三者所对应的加载端部位移都增加,屈服单元数目增多,塑性区域不再保持平直,这都将大大增加系统的变形阻力。当加载速度较大时,较高的剪切应变率集中在断层带位置及断层带之外的弹性体的某些区域都是可能的。  相似文献   

Effects of urbanization and stormwater control measures on streamflows in the vicinity of Clarksburg,Maryland, USA          下载免费PDF全文

Lee Rhea  Taylor Jarnagin  Dianna Hogan  J. V. Loperfido  William Shuster 《水文研究》2015,29(20):4413-4426

Understanding the efficacy of revised watershed management methods is important to mitigating the impacts of urbanization on streamflow. We evaluated the influence of land use change, primarily as urbanization, and stormwater control measures on the relationship between precipitation and stream discharge over an 8‐year period for five catchments near Clarksburg, Montgomery County, Maryland, USA. A unit‐hydrograph model based on a temporal transfer function was employed to account for and standardize temporal variation in rainfall pattern, and properly apportion rainfall to streamflow at different time lags. From these lagged relationships, we quantified a correction to the precipitation time series to achieve a hydrograph that showed good agreement between precipitation and discharge records. Positive corrections appeared to include precipitation events that were of limited areal extent and therefore not captured by our rain gages. Negative corrections were analysed for potential causal relationships. We used mixed‐model statistical techniques to isolate different sources of variance as drivers that mediate the rainfall–runoff dynamic before and after management. Seasonal periodicity mediated rainfall–runoff relationships, and land uses (i.e. agriculture, natural lands, wetlands and stormwater control measures) were statistically significant predictors of precipitation apportionment to stream discharge. Our approach is one way to evaluate actual effectiveness of management efforts in the face of complicating circumstances and could be paired with cost data to understand economic efficiency or life cycle aspects of watershed management. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.  相似文献   

青海省地震灾后地物变化的快速识别     

韩建平 《测绘通报》2021,(11):120-123

地震灾后救援时间宝贵,有效利用灾后数据,快速对救援路线及居民情况进行准确的评估,能有效避免地震带来的进一步损害。地震并不是一次即停止,灾后余震同样威胁灾区群众的生命和财产安全。因此,根据灾区地质及居民分布制定后续可持续救援方案,也是灾后救援的重点,这不仅能使救援稳步进行,也可进一步规划安置居民。本文通过比较神经网络和传统机器学习方法,提出了自适应方法的地物分割算法,根据航拍影像的复杂程度使用神经网络和传统算法相结合的方式,通过比较识别出地物与原有测量数据的差别变化,判断灾后道路扭曲和地质变化,为救援工作提供准确的科学依据。  相似文献   

基于遥感的珠江口海岸线变迁分析          下载免费PDF全文

张怡  李晓敏  马毅  包玉海 《海洋测绘》2014,(3):52-55

利用1990年、2000年和2010年三个时相的遥感影像,进行2000年前后两个十年的海岸线变迁情况对比分析。结果表明:2000年前的十年间,珠江口海岸线向海推进,导致面积共增加了16486.63ha,主要受人为因素影响,围海养殖是本时段海岸线变迁的主要因素;2000年后的十年间,珠江口海岸线继续向海推进,但推进速度降低,导致面积增加了9280.15ha,填海造地是这一时段海岸线变迁的主要因素。又根据珠江口的区域特征,以珠江入海八大口门为界,将整个研究区划分为九个岸段进行了详细分析。  相似文献   

基于ArcGIS的地震搜救信息系统可行性研究     

吴晨  殷海涛  孙庆文  张昊  李霞  董晓娜 《高原地震》2011,23(2):54-59

研究了地震搜救信息系统的可行性总体构架、设计流程、模型和算法的建立以及几大模块的功能划分,预想系统主要功能的实现和应用价值.该系统设想以ESRI公司的ArcGIS为开发平台,以人机交互的方式实现对地震压埋人员和重点保护设施搜索救援服务的GIS应用系统.  相似文献   

一种城市地震动区划方法     

李燕杰  丁海平  杨朝辉 《世界地震工程》2011,27(3)

文中从场地划分入手,提出了一种城市地震动参数区划方法新思路:即首先利用专业软件Surfer和ArcGis对区域内的钻孔资料进行处理,构建包含土层厚度、波速分布和建筑场地分类等信息的三维地下模型,并对地表进行场地分区和网格划分。然后在每一场地分区内,选取若干个典型钻孔,进行一维土层地震响应分析,计算结果代表该类场地的地震反应,再根据区域内所有离散点(网格点)的信息,即可获得整个计算区域的地表地震反应结果,进而得到整个区域的地震动参数区划,以及不同加速度峰值的等值线。这一方法可用于计算不同强度地震输入下,区域内地震动的分布,其结果可用于城市震害预测,特别是震后快速评估。  相似文献   

半封闭港池取水前后泥沙回淤预测研究     

桑恒春  张学庆 《海岸工程》2011,30(3):11-17

运用泥沙冲淤的二维数值模拟和半理论半经验公式,分别计算取水前后半封闭港池泥沙回淤分布和回淤量的变化。数值模拟计算得出取水前港池泥沙回淤分布较均匀,取水后港池各部区域随其水流流态而有不同的回淤率;经验公式计算表明取水后港池回淤率增加6 mm/a,取水回淤贡献率为14%。  相似文献   

一次冷涡背景下强对流不稳定条件的成因分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李云静  张建春  王捷纯  方纯纯 《气象》2013,39(2):210-217

利用常规观测资料及NCEP再分析资料,在分析环流背景、探空资料的基础上,通过选取不同的高度和温度,对比研究四种CAPE以及CAPE场与地面要素场的关系,对发生在辽宁沈阳的一次冷涡背景下的强对流天气进行不稳定条件成因分析.结果表明,水汽潜热是不稳定能量的主要组成部分,冷涡背景下低层暖湿平流、高层冷干平流有利于不稳定能量的累积,从而导致强对流天气的发生;对流温度CAPE可以反映午后发生强对流所必需的不稳定能量,对强对流天气预报具有一定指示意义.  相似文献   

Approximate general solution of 2-degrees of freedom dynamical systems using `les solutions precieuses'     

C.L. Goudas  K.E. Papadakis  E. Valaris 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,286(3-4):461-486

This paper presents the procedure of a computational scheme leading to approximate general solution of the axi-symmetric,2-degrees of freedom dynamical systems. Also the results of application of this scheme in two such systems of the non-linear double oscillator with third and fifth order potentials in position variables. Their approximate general solution is constructed by computing a dense set of families of periodic solutions and their presentation is made through plots of initial conditions. The accuracy of the approximate general solution is defined by two error parameters, one giving a measure of the accuracy of the integration and calculation of periodic solutions procedure, and the second the density in the initial conditions space of the periodic solutions calculated. Due to the need to compute families of periodic solutions of large periods the numerical integrations were carried out using the eighth order, variable step, R-K algorithm, which secured for almost all results presented here conservation of the energy constant between 10^-9 and 10^-12 for single runs of any and all solutions. The accuracy of the approximate general solution is controlled by increasing the number of family curves and also by `zooming' into parts of the space of initial conditions. All families of periodic solutions were checked for their stability. The computation of such families within areas of `deterministic chaos' did not encounter any difficulty other than poorer precision. Furthermore, on the basis of the stability study of the computed families, the boundaries of areas of `order' and `chaos' were approximately defined. On the basis of these results it is concluded that investigations in thePoincaré sections have to disclose 3 distinct types of areas of `order' and 2 distinct types of areas of `chaos'. Verification of the `order'/`chaos' boundary calculation was made by working out several Poincaré surfaces of sections. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

一种后现代的叙事模式——东西小说叙事策略探微     

李赣 《广东海洋大学学报》2006,26(2):85-91

东西的小说创作．尤其是20世纪90年代中期以后的相当一部分作品，在主题思想和叙述策略上均具有鲜明的后现代倾向，足以形成其独特的艺术方式，以后现代主义文学与叙事学的相关理论，从东西小说创作的叙事手法和叙述语言等方面出发，试图对东西小说独特的叙事艺术予以解读。  相似文献